The Treatment Of People With Mental Health Problems

Chapter 8 titled, The treatment of people with mental health problems, focuses on the treatment of people with mental health problems; particularly this chapter examines the ways in which the treatment of people with mental health problems might be understood. Specifically the two essences of treatment are investigated one identified with specialized parts of treatment, the other to do with the path in which individuals are dealt with as a feature of an ethical request. This chapter looks at how patients are treated by the psychiatric service. The sociological discourse about this subject has tended, itself, to be partitioned between the shafts of the range of administration conveyance, as previously mentioned. On one hand, it has been concerned with basically uncovering treatment as perplexed coercive social control. Then again, it has ended up distracted with those mental mediations which are readily sought and gratefully given. Structural inequalities also bring skepticism in the legitimacy of psychiatric treatment in access to the range of its interventions. As already examined, not every social gathering are spoken to equally all through the psychiatric field and get diverse and/or much harsher treatment. For instance, blacks are less inclined to get psychotherapy and more prone to get drug and ECT, and also treated more coercively than white individuals. Though, wealthier customers have the capacity to pick and picked between the sort of treatment dissimilar toShow MoreRelatedMental Illness Of Mental Health Disorders1590 Words   |  7 Pagessomewhat reliable evidence has been gathered on mental illnesses and their prevalence. Before around the 1980’s though, the evidence that was gathered on mental illnesses was too inconsistent to be credible. In a survey conducted by the World Health Organization’s department of World Mental Health, data was gathered on the prevalence of mental health d isorders in 14 countries around the world. The results of these surveys conclude that mental health disorders are more prevalent than any other chronicRead MoreMental Health Problems Are Still With Us1406 Words   |  6 PagesMental health problems are still with us because scientists haven’t developed the right drug treatments yet This assignment will attempt to identify how mental health issues are a problem in society today because the lack of development in pharmaceutical intervention. The essay will endeavor to give evidence on how the lack of understanding in some mental health illnesses has prevented the development in drug treatment. One such problem is seen in dementia, scientist have some understanding on whatRead MoreMental Health Disorders And Its Effects On Children And Society1626 Words   |  7 PagesRelated issues Mental health disorders such as bipolar disorder and ADHD creates a burden on affected children and society at large. Commonly identified issues include financial impact on the family, effect of the illness on the child, social issues, occupational and academic functioning, racial impact, effects on family, stigma of the illness, suicide, economic burden on society, role of healthcare providers and cultural issues. Role of religion Whenever a child is diagnosed with a mental illness, parentsRead MoreThe Mental Health Parity And Addiction Act1533 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: The policy I will be analysing is called The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Act (MHPAEA) of 2008. This act requires the same level of benefits for substance use treatment and mental services as one would receive for medical care from their health insurance. The MHPAEA’s requirements were expanded by the Affordable Care Act that some health insurance plans should cover mental health and substance abuse treatment and services. This act will allow many social workers to treat moreRead MoreMental Illness Refers To A Wide Range Of Mental Health1742 Words   |  7 PagesMental illness refers to a wide range of mental health disorders that can affect mood, behavior, and cognition. Multiple factors such as genetics, environment and lifestyle can influence whether someone develops a mental health condition. â€Å"The four D’s† model is often used in psychiatry to distinguish normal from â€Å"abnormal† mental state. In other words, this model makes it easier to understand characteristics of people who have a mental disorder. The four Ds stands for behaviors or thinking processesRead MoreEffectiveness Of Mental Health Essay1191 Words   |  5 Pages Effectiveness of mental health court The incarceration of people with mental illness has grown to be a serious social, clinical and economic concern (Hawthorne, 2012). There is an estimated 804,000 people in the United States annually that enters into the system (NcNiel Binder, 2007). Majority are non-violent, low-level misdemeanor offenders that cycle in and out of the prison system due to the multiple barriers they encounter when attempting to access mental health services within the communityRead MoreHispanic Culture s Influence On Health Patterns And Behaviors Exhibited By The Community Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the U.S. Census Bureau, 94,145 people reside in Yuma, approximately 46% of Yuma County’s population (U.S. Census Bureau, 2015). Two major populations in Yuma are Hispanic or Latino (62.0%), and Caucasian (32.6%) (U.S. Census Bureau, 2015). Males outnumber females, 51.4% to 48.6% (U.S. Census Bureau, 2015). There are approximately 69,915 households with an average household size of 2 .77 persons/household (U.S. Census Bureau, 2015). Seventy-seven percent of households consist of marriedRead MoreThe Problems of Homelessness and Mental Illness1536 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Introduction The problems of homelessness and mental illness are inextricably intertwined. One way that mental illness impacts peoples lives is that it oftentimes renders them unable to carry out the functions of daily life, such as keeping a job, paying their bills, and managing a household. In addition to disrupting the events of daily life, mental illness may also prevent people from forming and maintaining stable relationships or cause people to misinterpret others guidance and react irrationallyRead More Treating Concurrent Disorders Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pages Mental health is being aware, accepting yourself, and striking a balance in all aspects of your life like social, spiritual, physical, economical, and mental (Association, 2001). Mental health can be described as our positive interactions with the context and events in our life, and having the ability to cope with life’s stressors. Mental health problems can begin at anytime during your life (CAMH, 2010). In fact anything can make it difficult for an individual’s ability to interact effectivelyRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Health Stigma1178 Words   |  5 Pagesmany a stigma is a disgraceful flaw, that of a negative presence. In mental health this stigma is overwhelming. Approximately 57.7 million Americans experience a mental health disorder in any given year. (National Alliance on Mental Illness) People in dire need of help are not seeking it. Mental illnesses are going undiagnosed. The mental health stigma is having a negative impact on the proper diagnosis and tre atment of mental illnesses. A stigma can simply be defined as a mark of disgrace associated

Analysis of an Ethical Dilemma - 1435 Words

Unethical Marketing of Medical and Pharmaceutical Products-Part Two Tamara Floyd Sherome Graham Frances Kadambi Viviene Smith Grand Canyon University: NRS 437V Ethical Decision Making in Healthcare October 20th, 2013 Unethical Marketing of Medical and Pharmaceutical Products Part Two The pharmaceutical industry along with the manufacturers of healthcare products and technologies often encourage the misappropriation and distribution of marginally beneficial products and technologies in the healthcare industry. These companies often use various advertising methods to influence members of the public to request their products and services without adequate knowledge of their effectiveness and implications to their medical condition.†¦show more content†¦Health Care Colleague The health care colleague interviewed, Faith McClure, has about thirty three years experience in the field. She was the Medical/Surgical Director at my facility, and currently a case manager in my office. This is to emphasize her experience and expertise in the medical field. She obviously had strong feelings about pharmaceutical marketing and was happy to contribute. Her main focus was on the television (T.V.) advertising of medicine that is done in this country. She finds it highly unethical that pharmaceutical companies advertise drugs that are needed by patients. She further explained that it is also the way which marketing is conducted, â€Å"showing cheery people with fabulous hair on sunny days† (F. McClure, personal communication, October 14, 2013). The general public is naive to the possible side effects of these drugs and/or do not grasp the severity of many of them. Most people are looking at the pleasing visuals in these commercials, therefore they do not not ice the side effects of the drugs, because the notices are in small print or run through so quickly they are incomprehensible. The viewers want what they see and ask their physicians for these drugs by name. 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The Analysis There is more public support for marijuana law reform than ever before with new polls showing more than half the country is in favor of legalizing

Airports Generating Business From Customers

Question Discuss how airports can generate business from a wider range of airline customers. Use examples to support answer? Discuss different types of airports Discuss different types of airline customer Discuss a range of initiatives airports can use to increase the number and range of airline customers Provide supporting examples of airport initiatives to attract different types of airline Answer Introduction With access of large infrastructure, there is a certain need for the airport management which will help in development of economy. There will be effective functioning and easy travelling for those who have to travel over longer distances in short period of time. With the development of sectors which can operate many jobs, there is multiplicity in the economic growth and the people are able to handle the employment comfortably. Considering the fact that, if there would have been no airports, then would be issues relating to dislocation and the people had to necessarily transfer their economic (Jacquillat Odoni, 2014) work through online, which is not safe as well as not proper success. The technological growth has led to proper adaptation which could help in building up new communities as well as there is a need for regeneration in the sectors which lack some important features. Airports generating business from customers With construction prices increasing, offered funding decreasing and periodic downturns touching the trade, aerodrome operators notice themselves regularly yearning for extra revenue sources to fund comes and sustain operations. Airports foresee a continuing upsurge within the range of riders yet as revenue and square measure sweet-faced with increasing levels of passenger expectations. The expenditure depends on the requirement of the customers who book their flights. The access of the passengers as per the services given to the employees, one can say there are many profits to the airport who are mainly generating their business from the best deals and offers which are being provided to the customers. The impact has brought a closeness where people have started preferring more to travel through airplane which will drop you with hours and save your time. This factor has been the main important which has added to the contribution of growth in economy. Some of the benefits of the same a re: All the labours have the mobility to travel from one place to other with an assurance of less lethargy. There is a decentralisation approach to distribute the product and expand it to a wider area. (Suau-Sanchez et al., 2014). Airports have a major chance to create Associate in Nursing integrated, high-value expertise for travellers from booking the reservation, to motion to and through the flying field, on to journeys finish. As airport/airline roles and repair models evolve, passengers have Associate in nursing inflated expectation for personalized services. It is basic economic science that happy flying field customers pay extra money within the airports retailers than the others. In fact, a study shows that there is a great payment of about a mean of $20.55 on flying field retail purchases, or forty five p.c quite the cross ones, UN agency pay solely $14.12 on flying field retail retailers and eateries. Airlines client relationship management (CRM) initiatives generally concentrate on frequent-flyer programs and slender up-sell and cross-sell options in numerous flight categories. There is usually very little commit to manage and enhance the general, end-to-end journey relative to traveller bit points. Types of airports The impacts which can affect the operation of airlines on airports have been classified into different types of airports. Some of them are: The controlled airports are the ones which are mainly responsible for guarantying that there is a control over the flow of traffic with assurance of safety in the area. The flow leads to better services maintaining the communication to acknowledge and follow the instructions. There are mainly the ones which are the commercialised planes which are a strong guidance of a higher above authority and any harm could directly affect the people. With the impact of the jobs and all the revenue which is spend mainly for the employees, these are called as induced impacts which certain affect the direct impacts. (Richardson et al., 2014). The income generated can help in managing with the revenues to develop different supplies along with management of the customer services. Analysing the user of his catalytic reaction, one can see how much the user is spending in the economy class or the business class as per his standards. These are the airports which come under the uncontrollable category. The communications are mainly in for operations and transmitting the intentions which would have an impact leading to the benefits of the procedure. There are certain service airports for transferring luggage from one place to other. With the jobs in multiplicities, there are certain rules which can provide a wide range of figures for different jobs depending upon the expenditure. Different types of airline customers The services of a customer is variable depending upon the status of him/her. One needs to analyse how best things can be managed and planned to forward it to the customers. Some of the services which are essential to focus on attention of the customer are: There are the people who mainly belong to opt for the business class where the expense is at the economic rate and the person is travelling relating to the official business matters. With the least fare possible, the people have the viability to travel across the world within hours which would otherwise take a lot of time. There is a need to balance the economic fares along with managing the class of refundable fare. (Daniel, 2014). Another type of people are the people who are at leisure who are travelling with their family for fun and to be themselves at leisure. They are fun-filling and want to experience the adventure in their budget. There are families who traveling groups and combine, where they accompany with their children, who are variant in their ages. The cost of the tickets completely depend on the variability with which the travelling is being done. Handling the tickets along with managing the policy which can rule on the disclosures help in caring for the minors along with training the delays. For some better and needs to specially travel alone along with the requirement of a wheel chair, there are certain people who are provided with special treatment and they are given the best facilities possible. There is a communication of immediate flight disruptions and there after switching them over to different flights which can help to handle the problems of the passengers. Steps to increase customers With the intensity to increase the customers to take flights over any transportation mode, there is a need for insurance with better banking and financial records. The petrol and fuel used in extracting and communicating with maximum passengers come from the comfort ability, they generally experience. The tourist places are generally at profit as people are trying to move to that area according to the transportation business. Due to the development of the nations a different airport stations, there can be certain losses and leakages which can ultimately affect the manufacturing too. With the hub of transportation, availability of better parks and the government system can help with better location as per as clustering. The customers are attracted because of some of the basic reasons: There are certain impacts which can socially be accessed with long distances and accessible to promote to areas which can bring a change in the cultural part. One can get a generation of better income to lead to better and wealthiest forecasting, providing support to the tourism government in the sector of global markets. With the viability to gain and access better mobility, there are assessment leading to economic rise as well recommendation for better business deals. A lot of funding has been done by the different countries government to rule the facility and change the sources to improve all the obligations which are bound on them. The plan has to be managed according to the economic conditions and made assurance that the charges are fare enough to carry on the method. The cost of airport services are good enough which bring a change in the volume of the passengers who have the liability to travel throughout the world. In order to attract the customers, there is a need to maintain and harness all the competitive thoughts in order to regulate the facilities at the airport properly. With the exertion and sustenance of the power of the market schedules, there are some externalities which can lead to a growth and promote the passenger activity. The revenues have to be managed according to the way which can lead to aeronautical economy. There is a system of hybridisation which can help in reviewing a better cost and regulation of better cap system. Some of the airport services are private and they hold and prefer all those services which can be regulatory enough to balance all the pricing and the economic revenue co st. There are certain requirements which are beneficial to attract the customers and make them realize that the airport services are better and fast for those who have to reach to some other place within hours. The effective research in marketing field along with understanding what preferences can be given to those who lift for some traffic schedules. Some disadvantages which can put a great setback to the management are mainly the security, or the delay in flights and the facilities in flight. The customers can be little demotivated if they are not served properly according to the volume of products spend to increase the productivity. With the increment in the process to abolish heavy duties, one has to assure that there will be abolishment and recruitment of security features. To balance with the fees of the passengers, there are certain charges which are levied and accordingly the problem is managed according to the facilities and the accessibility of the product. Persona creation and client journey mapping are simply two parts that may facilitate client expertise professionals produce a sound customer-centric strategy. To be fully productive, chief client expertise officers would like a coalition of prime executives UN agency take a lively role in reworking the organization through client expertise governance. The fees to handle all the variable supplies and managing the company notation to operate the party advises have to be managed and handled according to the company support. With the change in the security range, there are certain responsibilities which are on the airport passengers which are able to handle all the contracts from the private sectors, thereby, helping them to bring a shared system between the (Janic, 2014) sources along with the employee management. The bonds have to be managed and supported with the interests as per the issues which lead to the government rise. There is a borrower and some sources which have the liability to handle the finances as per the expansion at the airport. There is a GOB, which is for assuring and guaranteeing the people to purchase the agency at a lower price which can help in stating and approval as per the purchase. GARB, is more beneficial as there is no need for any agreements rather people have the liability to gain and access the rate of interests as per the charges. Initiative to attract airlines Since people are ready to invest more in better accomplishments and usage of transport which can help them to save time, the airlines have put in their initiatives by financing many airport terminals like Heathrow which is directly (Abeyratne, 2014) from the UK government side. With the start of the famous terminal in London, there were many other suppliers who tried to give a helping hand to maintain the industrial or constructions at different floors. There was a complement management and the partitions were according to the doors and the ceilings which could differentiate the area. There are certain steps which can make the customer journey lively enough and not tiring though. Some of them are: Customers United Nations agency drive further revenue for the airline through the acquisition of ancillaries and upgrades; Existing client worth supported data derived from information regarding the foremost recent visits, the frequency of visits and also the value paid; More services are inlaid in the airport and services to those people who want to get food or clothing are generally to be seen in the airport ground only. As there is more development of the economic part, there is a feature which supports and try to lower the degree of power in the market by commercialised acts, directly leading to a regulation of economy in the country. (Wells Young, 2004). It is a surety that with increase in the traffic, there will be inclination in the services provided with the support of profit which will regulate a better economic service in the country. With the variability in the commercialised products, there is a traffic volume which sustains the managing culture to bring an activity to off-sit the economic revenues and manage the culture and security to handle all the locations. (Wilke et al., 2014). To manage the customers are to increase the revenue of the airport systems, there are different segments which can differentiate and arrive. The passengers have the liability to depart and arrive in time, bringing a leisure to their individuality and approach to handle the groups of all ages. With the residents who are visitors and generally visit the airport for some business meetings, there is a best place for them to facilitate and lead to agreement. There are different types of passengers and accordingly they prefer to hold the different shop s according to their ability and requirement. Some of the detailed revenues are: The links are made to enable the people to manage the resources as per the availability in the shopping slots along with encouraging shopping in it. There will be parking in the systems according to the meetings and the revenue is collected from the people who come and go from there. With the platform existence and the exhibitions, one can support to spend on some better shops whose demand is more in the common public. The airports have the racing tracks which are for sitting and for tracking all the zone of the airport systems. (Jarach, 2005). With the employment and shipment services, the people try to access in bulk all the powerful supplies which would otherwise be overseen by the airport faculties. There is a settlement of contract which is for the specialised retailers for the onshore activities and supplying the product. The products have to be easily provided over many contract details. For higher profits and ranges, there are many details which balance the operator requirement according to the outlet facilities. With the complete clear specifications, the people have the liability to track and manage the levels of staff to train and market their products to brand them and maintain for innovation and better policies. The brand of the airport has been increasingly commercialised with the effectiveness in the promotion through different routes. There is an attraction of airlines which outline how there is a forecasting of services along with managing the expense for the analyses of route. An airline ought to realize Associate in Nursing intimate business partner, like Sabre Airline Solutions, that may facilitate develop the client journey mapping strategy and drive it forward. The outcome of this may reveal the touch points among every step that impact the client expertise for every persona. It will determine the relative importance to the client expertise for every persona of every step within the travel journey. The process of client journey mapping permits Associate in nursing airline are to hone on the touch points that emerge because the most vital to act with customers from the customers purpose of read. This permits the airline to work out what it is doing well, wherever enhancements are required and wherever to speculate in solutions to reinforce the client expertise, increase revenue and grow complete loyalty. Talking about the example which is about the Vienna determining potential to track and lead the activities of the passengers (Kazda Caves, 2007) and directing it forward with the respective markets of export. The marketing scenario completely sustain all the issues which are able to handle the different product range and fees to draw the attention from the passengers and promote the facilities and accessibility. The high rate of capital and the scope of rise in economy always cater to the need of outsourcing the product along with including all the details to invest for more basic organisation structure. Identifying the foremost vital touch points and associated interactions to concentrate on springs by combining the weighted importance of the persona to the airline at that step with the weighted importance to the persona of every step. The fees which is being analysed to park and land into lighting scenario and share all the details with the aeronautical fees, one can represent shi ft in it with better maintenance. The charges for the aeronautical services are variable and completely depend on the traditional rates along with comparison of normally giving an upright to the weight and charge of the customers. (Graham, 2014). Conclusion The management process has to be properly managed with a great comfort and try to profitably increase the requirements which can help the customers to become active for analysing competition along with growth in the airline system. With the growth in the opportunity and the capacity to promote the services, there are models to activate the factors for supporting the flight designation and determining the fare which can be variable depending upon the frequency of the flights and services. (Wu Lee, 2014). With an ease in the approach to the airport, there is a cost allotted for parking vehicles which depend on the requirement a particular passenger has. There are certain surface related cost products which have the liability to analyse and balance the competition with the airline. The diversified image and structure can help to see and manage all the losses which are written by the government for the employment of the people. Reference Wu, C. L., Lee, A. (2014). The impact of airline alliance terminal co-location on airport operations and terminal development.Journal of Air Transport Management,36, 69-77. Graham, A. (2014). Managing Airports: An International Perspective.Journal of Airport Management,8(2), 189-190. Jarach, David (2005) -Airport marketing : strategies to cope with the new millennium environment Kazda, Antonn and Caves, Robert E. (2007) -Airport design and operation(2nd ed) Wilke, S., Majumdar, A., Ochieng, W. Y. (2014). Airport surface operations: A holistic framework for operations modeling and risk management.Safety Science,63, 18-33. Abeyratne, R. (2014). Regulation of Airport Financing and Economics. InLaw and Regulation of Aerodromes(pp. 121-143). Springer International Publishing. Wells, Alexander T. and Young, Seth B. (2004) -Airport planning management(5th ed) JaniĆ¡, M. (2014). Advanced Transport Systems: Infrastructure, Technologies, Operations, Economics, Environment, and Society/Policy. InAdvanced Transport Systems(pp. 235-276). Springer London. Daniel, J. I. (2014). The untolled problems with airport slot constraints.Economics of Transportation. Suau-Sanchez, P., Burghouwt, G., Pallares-Barbera, M. (2014). An appraisal of the CORINE land cover database in airport catchment area analysis using a GIS approach.Journal of Air Transport Management,34, 12-16. Richardson, C., Budd, L., Pitfield, D. (2014). The impact of airline lease agreements on the financial performance of US hub airports.Journal of Air Transport Management,40, 1-15. Jacquillat, A., Odoni, A. R. (2014). Congestion Mitigation at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City.Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2400(1), 28-36.

SAT Essay Student Guide 2019

SAT Essay Student Guide 2019 SAT is probably one of the most important tests that you will ever take as a student. A good SAT score will be a powerful weapon in your arsenal when you will be applying to a good college. Therefore, the SAT can seem as an overwhelming and difficult task to do. The main problem for many students is that they do not have a strong and organized plan on how to get a high score for the test and therefore they are trying to do too much or are cramming at the last minute. But do not think that getting the highest score is so difficult. Following our advice, you will be able to create a good plan which will help you tp pass this test easily and confidently. What is SAT? SAT (at different times SAT Reasoning Test, Scholastic Aptitude Test, Scholastic Assessment Test) is a standardized American test which is required for admission to US colleges and universities. The test is designed to assess the knowledge of the applicant in several areas. In addition, for admission to some specialties, you must pass the SAT Subject Test. Sometimes this test is called SAT I. SAT is held seven times a year in the United States and four times in other countries of the world. Tests are given in October, December, March, May, and also (only in the USA) in June, August and November usually on the first Saturday of the month. The main organizer of the exam is the private organization College Board. Should I do it? SAT is completely optional. First of all, find out if the college or postsecondary institution to which you are about to apply requires the completion of this essay. If not, you might still consider the possibility of passing the test just to demonstrate your writing and analytical skills. Moreover, the scores that you will get back will showcase your strengths and weaknesses in the area and basically, the preparation for the test will serve a preparation for college. What is the assignment? The SAT Essay is not much harder than a typical college writing assignment, where you are asked to analyze the text, so do not worry too much. You will have 50 minutes to complete the Essay. You will be given a passage of nearly 700 words which you will have to read and then respond to it. The main purpose of the SAT is to see how well you can analyze an author’s argument. You need to focus on how the author uses reasoning, evidence, and other rhetorical techniques to create an argument and make it convincing. To save the time on the day of the test you can familiarize yourself with the Essay prompt in advance because the task will be the same in every test and the only thing that’s going to change is the passage/reading section that you will be asked to analyze. Knowing and understanding the task will not only save you time but also will help you to write a stronger essay. Preparing for the Test Make a list of what you need to work on. Think about what you are struggling with the most and take more time to work on these questions. This will not only help you to pass the test way easier but also will relieve stress. Do not forget about your strengths. If you spend all your energy on getting a good score on the writing part, it can make you forget those simple math rules that were already in your arsenal. It is also important to remind yourself that you are an intelligent person with many merits. Otherwise, you will feel insecure during the test. Find out what type of learner you are. Some people better grasp the meaning of the task by reading the text, others need to hear it. Some people need to imagine it in the head. Think about how you perceive information and apply this method to your curriculum. If it is more convenient for you to learn by ear, listen to CDs in the car. If you remember better, looking at the words make cards with text and pictures. Take at least 30 minutes a day for studying. Do not start your preparation the night before the exam, you need to start at least one or two months before. Studies have shown that long-term preparation is more effective than cramming. SAT Essay Outline I. Introduction – Paragraph 1 Restate your topic – attention-getter, start with a question or statement that is going to make your reader interested in what you have to say. Thesis Statement II. Support – Paragraph 2 Counterclaim – point #1 (if this is a compare-contrast essay, use a counter argument at the beginning of every support paragraph) Thesis Point #1 Support (one example, personal experience, fact, or quote) Support (one example, personal experience, fact, or quote) Point of conclusion III. Support – Paragraph 3 Thesis Point #2 Support (one example, personal experience, fact, or quote) Support (one example, personal experience, fact, or quote) Point of conclusion IV. Support – Paragraph 4 Thesis Point #3 Support (one example, personal experience, fact, or quote) Support (one example, personal experience, fact, or quote) Point of conclusion V. Conclusion – Paragraph 5 Restate thesis in different words State a warning or call for action, plan for the future. Tips for or Writing the SAT Essay. Remember that you do not need to think for too long over one question, especially in the section on mathematics, where with each question its complexity increases. Print out the SAT exams of previous years from the Internet or buy exam examples at the bookstore. This will help you to identify your weaknesses and work out the issues in which mistakes were made. You will get the same number of points for the correct answer to any question in the test. So if you are stuck on some point, skip it and continue to work. You can then come back to those questions if you still have time. Do not get nervous when writing a test. Yes, it is important, but it is just a test after all. Get a good sleep at night before the test. If you are rested, you will have more energy to figure out the exams difficulties. Exclude meaningless answers so you are not distracted by inherently wrong ones. Think carefully before answering, because some options can be very deceptive! Do not forget to bring your ID, several pencils, a confirmation of registration for the exam and a calculator. If the question seems too easy, then most likely it’s just is. Do not look for a trick. Practice writing the test in the atmosphere that will be on the real exam. Do not forget to record the time for each section. If you have some time left, be sure to go back and check your answers. Learn not to pay attention to something that distracts you. During the test, you may be distracted by someone’s giggling, clock ticking or noisy air conditioner. Take a deep breath, look at your paper and concentrate. Do not revise your opinion. Your first answer is probably the correct one. Set a good pace of work for yourself while solving tests at home. This will be a lot of help during the real test. Convince your family and friends that you need a quiet place to study, whether it is your room, library or bench in the yard. Just in case, have a stock of sharpened pencils. Be positive. The wrong answer to the task is not the end of the world. SAT Essay FAQ How can I identify my weaknesses and improve them when studying for the SAT? As it has been already said, just take a practice test that will reveal your weak sides and work on them. Can we use a calculator on the SAT? There are two parts on the test: the one where you CAN use a calculator and the one where you CAN’T. Check collegeboard.org to see if your calculator is approved. One of the tips says not to study on the night before the test. Does this mean not even a little refresher is advised? You have to remember that if you study the night or the day before the test, that does not mean that you will perceive the information any better. Of course, you can look through the parts that you are not completely sure of, to refresh your knowledge, but make sure you get enough sleep and rest before taking the exam. What if I am ill on the day of the test? Do not worry, just skip it and reschedule. It will not cost you anything, but taking an exam sick will. What is the most common answer to choose? There is no common answer, nobody follows any pattern in selecting what to answer. Just study well before the exam and you’ll know what to answer.

The eNotes Blog Review Strategies You Need to Know for FinalExams

Review Strategies You Need to Know for FinalExams Final exams are right around the corner, and as much as you may be looking forward to a winter break, you need to get through tests first. Before you can open presents, enjoy a cup of hot cocoa, and sleep in late, you need to prepare for your end-of-semester tests. As you begin studying, take in these unique study tips to help you review for your exams. 1. Interactive group study sessions There’s a reason your grade school teachers used to have the class play games to remember content. For one, they’re fun and engaging. Secondly, reviewing with different techniques - something that gets you talking or away from reciting notes - can help you retain information in a way that traditional study techniques may not always do. Sure, you could get fancy and make an online Jeopardy game, but it doesn’t necessarily have to take that much effort. Even studying flashcards with friends can be a great learning technique. Having someone with you to keep you accountable and make sure you are explaining concepts fully can make studying more effective. 2. Create your own test How do you prepare for a test if you have no idea what the questions are going to be? It’s simple: you predict the questions. Look through your material and think about what questions your teacher may ask. As you review your notes, textbooks, and previous quizzes, think of ways the information can be consolidated and how your teacher or professor could frame the test problems. Are there certain trends and themes that you may be asked to summarize on a test? Are there bullet points or timelines that would make an easy quiz question? You can always look at previous quizzes to see what types of information your teacher often looks for. Use these to create a practice quiz for yourself, then try to answer the questions without your notes. 3. Practice stress management strategies Preparing for an exam doesn’t only mean learning the content; stress management is important, too, as it can not only help you prepare for an exam, it can also help you during exam time. Part of keeping your cool during an exam is realizing that stress can be managed and channeled for good. One way to channel your stress is to ensure you take breaks while studying. Breaks are a great way to let your mind rest and allow it to retain information. This doesn’t mean totally zoning out, however. Try taking productive breaks, like throwing in a load of laundry, or completing another small chore that will allow you to check something off your to-do list. This can help manage your stress and allow you to be totally focused on studying when it’s time to do so. 4. Turn every room into a study room One of the biggest myths about studying for tests is that it has to happen at a certain time, in a certain place. On the contrary, studying can happen anywhere, at any time. Why can you only learn in the library? Instead of cramming before a test, use this strategy to study throughout the semester to learn your content. Use notecards or post-it notes to turn any room into a study room. Is there a fact that you are having difficulty remembering? Try posting it on your bathroom mirror and looking at it as you get ready in the morning. Place post-it notes around your bedroom or in other places that you typically pass through. As you walk by them, you’ll begin to recall them. Then, when you’re taking your test, you’ll be more likely to remember the information. Happy studying! Brittany Phillips is a contributing writer for Varsity Tutors, a live learning platform that connects students with personalized instruction to accelerate academic achievement.

The Role of Body Language Essay

The Role of Body Language Essay The Role of Body Language Essay Communication is one of the essential tools used for the exchange of ideas, feelings, and even visions. It is the activity of passing across the intended information through exchange of signals, writing, thoughts, behavior, and messages (Yates 433). However, for the process to be completed, several elements of the latter must be facilitated. The basic elements of communication include a potential sender, the intended message, and finally the targeted recipient. The way information is being transmitted depends on the medium. Moreover, the medium of transmission entirely rely on whether the communication is verbal or non-verbal. Non-verbal communication makes use of body languages, symbols, and signs as its ways of passing across any message (Yates 501). As per the requirements of the project, my area of specialization builds its concrete foundation on the body language as one of the means of communication. It is a form of physical and mental ability of man’s non-verbal communication that consists of gestures, facial expressions, body posture, and eye movements (Pease Pease 211). Body language is one of the most effective means of relaying very sensitive information and maintaining the confidentiality of the message passed across. The sole reason of my keen interest in this means of communication is the unique nature possessed by the latter as compared to other means. People continue using body language no matter the advancement in technology and development of most effective means. Analytical goals of my project draw its origin from the non-verbal forms of communication. To mention a few, the objectivity of the project was to understand the power and importance of excellent non-verbal communication, discover the necessary listening skills required for checking the shared understanding, modes of repairing the wrong communication and finally, understanding the effects of appropriate non-verbal communication and vocal tone in building rapport (Borg 457). Body language covers most of these objectives and helps in achieving the ultimate goals of communication as intended in this project. Assumptions made in this project can only be achievable if the means of communication put into consideration can be articulated to meet the requirements. Body languages are more advantageous and it can handle situations that cannot be handled by other means. The first advantage is that, this means can handle a situation where the sender or the recipient is handicapped or physically disabled (Borg 244). For example, a dumb person can use signs and facial expressions to relay information. He/she may be unable to utter the real words but the meaning of the message can be effectively understood through the body language. Noisy places may inconvenient verbal means but body language can comfortably be used in such environments. For example, in a factory where there is a lot of noise, the manager can instruct the employees and those under him through body language (Pease and Pease 466). The above means can also be used in passing across any sensitive information whose confidentiality is supposed to be maintained. Signals used between the sender and recipient may only be understood between the two and the third party may not get the real meaning of the information. The final advantage lies under the geographical difference between the sender and the recipient. The means may effectively be applicable if the two are at a visible distance but their spoken words may not be heard clearly. For example, if someone wants to greet a person, (Borg 558). Who is in a moving vehicle, waving a hand will be a more civilized way as compared to shouting. In addition, body language proves to be less expensive as compared to most sophisticated ones. Parties having an intension of cutting down the cost of communication can make use of body language. The above means loses its effectiveness in case the barriers exist in the environment under consideration. The major barrier is the case where both the sender and recipient are uninformed about the meaning of some of the signs and gestures. This will make the latter to be ineffective and therefore reducing its applicability. Common signals and body gestures known to many people cannot be used to relay any confidential information. Body gestures that carry more than one meaning may be difficult to be used as the involved parties may not get the intended message. Individuals lacking the body parts utilized in the communication are automatically excluded from using the means (Pease and Pease 674). This makes the latter to be limited to those people who possess the body parts that are supposed to be used in the process. For example, a blind person cannot use eye movements to relay the message; crippled people may also not use their legs or hands in the process of communication. Most of the time, body language is used by both handicapped and normal people so long as the parties understand the signs and body gestures well. Very large geographical difference may inconvenience use of signs and gestures in passing the meaning. This can only be done through digitized means where signs are being transmitted electronically. The project involved laying down the necessary strategies that will characterize the means of communication to be determined. The first strategy for this work involved testing the effective means of communication that can be used in a noisy environment. Various means of communication were to be tested in the latter environmental conditions and the effective method was to be pointed out. The second strategy was to determine the most appropriate means that can be used in relaying confidential messages (Pease and Pease 688). Almost all available means under the test proved ineffective and the one with the highest degree of confidentiality was determined. The final strategy was to cut down on the cost of communication. This meant to find the cheapest means of communication that can fully satisfy the process. The strategies outlined above almost gave the expected results (Oxford 509). The rhetorical barriers and advantages mentioned earlier in this project gave direct reflections of what was to be done and the ultimate goals were absolutely fulfilled. The first strategy of noisy environmental condition was fully satisfied by the rhetoric advantage of body language as the means of communication. Body language proved communicative under the tested conditions. The second strategy of relaying confidential messages was previously reflected by the rhetoric advantage of body language. The latter gave maximum satisfaction in passing across confidential information. The final strategy of cutting down the cost of the process of communication gave out several means of communication. Some of the verbal means of communication met the standards unexpectedly and the strategy was to be articulated to meet the requirements. However, the adjustments made met the satisfactory standard of making body languag e as the only means of communication. The rhetoric ended up being effective in analyzing the arguments. The rhetoric arguments proved perfect in the analysis and strategies gave full support for the approval of arguments. Documented statistics for the related case study almost projected the same results as the one that were rhetorically reflected in the project (Oxford 599). However, in this project, the strategized conclusion could not have been drawn from the rhetoric barriers and advantages, putting the last strategy into consideration, which almost dissatisfied the expected outcome. The argument of whether to rely on the rhetoric reflections or not, in finding the most appropriate means of communication in the project almost proved effective. However, the rhetoric reflection failed in giving the details of flexibility of the means and the ability of the latter to accommodate the upcoming challenges (Melkote 444). Body language plays many roles in the current society. Considering the technological advancements, this means of communication is seen primitive and cannot be relied on. However, what people are not supposed to forget is that, this means forms part of the most immediate means of communication before other means can be put in place. People who do not have a common communicative language find it hard to communicate with one another (Melkote 408). The only immediate way is by use of body language. In normal life circumstances, emotions find their roots in body language and twisting of some body parts may turn out passing a strong message to the targeted recipient. People around the globe appreciate body language and the roles it plays. Ideas of generating the most sophisticated means of communication are being generated by body language. What is most important is understanding the ideology of communication that is to be achieved by the scientists. Having hopes in the unpromising inventions makes people forget that the effective means lies in our bodies and the only task is to learn how to use it. Learning body Language is one of the most interesting things that one can do and in most cases, it turns out to be more of a fun. Do you need help with writing an essay about Body Language? Just visit our custom writing service to order high-quality customized essays online.

Czech Republic country analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Czech Republic country analysis - Essay Example (4) Masculinity pertains to the degree to which a society supports the traditional masculine work role model of male achievement, control, and power (â€Å"Hofestede’s Cultural Dimensions† 1, 2, 3, 4). (1) Czech has a slightly lower power distance index in comparison to the US. This means that in the Czech Republic managers treat their subordinates with respect, entrust them with vital work and may even socialize with their subordinates. This is supported by the fact that the Czech has a well-educated population (â€Å"Czech Republic† 2). (2) The US individualism score is substantially greater than the Czech’s. In the Czech Republic the social unit is more important than the individual. Therefore when running a business there one has to remember that conformity is not only expected but is also perceived positively. In line with this it is important to note that most Czech’s end business early on Fridays for shopping or traveling to their country cottages for the weekend. (3) The US has a fairly greater masculinity score than Czech. This means that in Czech Republic men and women are given equal opportunities and positions. This would definitely affect the staff recruitment policy for a business moving from the US to Czech. With less masculinity, the Czech culture prioritizes family relationships and quality of life over work. People work to live which implies flexible working hours and longer vacations than their counterparts in the United States. This could be a disadvantage to opening a textile factory because the workforce may not be as willing to work round the clock to meet the often demanding short lead times characteristic of successful apparel retailers. (4) The Czech has a substantially greater uncertainty avoidance score than the US. According to Hofstede this is reflective of a society with a deep and long cultural history and a largely homogeneous population. The high

Life-Altering Medical Breakthroughs on the Horizon Essay - 3

Life-Altering Medical Breakthroughs on the Horizon - Essay Example Blind people expect to have seeing ability restored. Scientists have tested and investigated microchip implants, which aid patients regain sight. Scientists are creating deep brain implants and unique glasses, which can bright sight to blind, (Barrie 1). Regenerative medication enables scientists to create organs and supplant impaired one. Researchers make substitute organs in the artificially. Presently, they have formed bladder and fixed into people. Tissue engineering utilizes both synthetic and natural material to grow body parts such as skin cells, bone marrow, cartilage among other. These technological breakthroughs provide extensive improvements for various patients and extensively reduce the cost of medication. Engineered organ replacement will outdo the hazards and challenges related to donor organs and reduce medical cost, (Reginald 1). For people who have suffered brain disease, Alzheimer or related neurological condition, the breakthroughs in neural advancements provide e xtensive hope for quality life. Similarly, microchip technology necessitates this advancement. Microchip or fiber optic wire use to bridge the affected brain parts provides a hope to cure various neurological diseases. Advancement in microchip use to bridge neural routes brings hopes to the anticipated brain use expansion for people, (Dick 1). Medical breakthroughs will allow generic condition eradication. For instance, with the human genome project completion, scientists have extensive knowledge of the genetic structure and it impacts on people. Currently, researchers can create certain gene or disease medicines utilizing DNA therapy to prevent patients against fatal diseases. It is predicted that genetic engineering will help prevent fatal conditions such cancer. Similarly, it will aid increase predicted lifespan to more than hundred years and create disease-free life.

Blackboard Student Orientation Essay Example for Free

Blackboard Student Orientation Essay The Blackboard Learning System is the wide-ranging and adaptable electronic-learning software platform built up for educationalists to improve their instruction and learning experience by means of the Internet. Blackboard operates using either Netscape or Internet Explorer. The browser must accommodate both JavaScript and Java. Institutions around the world are now using Blackboard to enhance conventional classroom education and convey superior distance training (Jafari and Sheehan, 2003). The platform has been refined through three years of continual innovation and feedback from its user base. Students can access their courses remotely if they do not have computers at home through their institution’s computer center or at pubic libraries that have a web connection. To access the course, a student must have a university email account. This is usually set up automatically after the student registers for the course in which Blackboard is used. From the orientation, it became clear to me the concept of Blackboard. I know now that the Blackboard Inc. is a company that markets and sells software designed to optimize use of the Internet as a tool for advancing education and learning. It also increases institutions’, faculties’ and students’ right of entry to applicable educational content as well as offer instructive information services. In this way, Blackboard reaches a more extensive base of students, graduates and groups of people. I also learned that Blackboard is an education portal that can pull data from campus information systems (student information system, human resource management system, etc. ) and from the Internet, and unify their presentation to end users following information standards. This way, the Blackboard Learning System positively influences the online education program of educationalists by allowing the customization of their courses using only the needed features that are suitable to their educational needs. The use of the system likewise helps facilitate a shift in the mode of assessment, from summative to formative evaluation. WORK CITED Jafari, A. Sheehan. (2003). Designing Portals: Opportunities and Challenges. Hershey, Pennsylvania: Idea Group, Inc.

Causes and Effects of Hate Crimes Essay -- Hate Crime Criminal Prejudi

Blacks were introduced to the North America during the 17th and 18th centuries through the triangular trade route, and were welcomed by chains, ropes, and all the horrors of slavery. Slavery was legalized by the US government and continued for a few hundred years, taking a civil war and sixteen presidents before it was forbidden. Even today, there is still much hatred between blacks and whites despite desegregation and integration; some would argue that the condition of African Americans in the United States is still one of a subservient nature. Federal law defines a hate crime as whenever a victim is attacked on the basis of his or her race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or gender; hate offenses are made against members of a particular group simply because of their membership in that group (Levin 4). In 1998 an African-American was brutally murdered in Texas. There are over a hundred homicides committed every year, but the manner in which this life was taken and the appar ent motive of his executers leaves no doubt that this crime was filled with hate. In this brutal murder, the motivation is obvious and clear, the explanation is so simple that it virtually hits you in the face. James Byrd Jr.'s death is America's shame: another man tortured for no reason- other than the color of his skin. I will use the Byrd murder to explore the cause and effects of hate crimes, and attempt to draw meaning from it so that a tragedy like this will not happen again. In the early morning of June 7, 1998, a black man was walking by a road in Jasper, Texas. James Byrd Jr. had just left a niece's bridal shower at his parents' house, and was trying to hitch a ride home. A car drove by and the owner of the vehicle, Shawn Berry, offered Byrd a lift in the back of the pickup. Byrd, jumped in one leg, didn't hesitate to accept the actually kind sign; little did he suspect his fate that was to follow. Angered, one of the passengers by the name of John King grabbed the wheel and drove to a dark deserted road outside of town. What happened thereafter certainly has to be one of the most nasty and horrifying crimes this country has seen since the day's slavery was legal. King and the final member of the trio, Lawrence Brewer, got out of the truck and began beating and kicking Byrd until he was almost unconscious. Afterward, they chained him by his ankles to the back of ... ... laws to address the serious threat of hate crime. For educators, it means developing ways to open channels of cultural understanding among children. For neighborhoods, it means strengthening the bonds of community to embrace diversity and reject acts of racism (Levin viii). Society as a whole must accept the fact that we are all a part of the problem, if we are not a part of the solution. Works Cited Bragg, Richard."For Jasper, Just What It Didn't Want." New York Times 27 June 1998: A8. Bragg, Richard."In Wake of Texas Killing, Black Militants and Klan Trade Words." New York Times 28 June 1998: A17. Cropper, Carol Marie."Black Man Fatally Dragged In a Possible Racial Killing." New York Times 10 June 1998: A16. Levin, Jack, and Jack McDevitt. Hate Crimes: The Rising Tide of Bigotry and Bloodshed. New York: Plenum, 1993. Novick, Michael. White Lies, White Power: The Fight Against White Supremacy and Reactionary Violence. Maine: Common Courage Press, 1995. Pressley, Sue Anne. "Down a Dark Road to Murder." Washington Post 12 June 1998: A1. "Racist Murder Leads Texas Town to Probe Its Prejudices." Wall Street Journal 1 October 1998: A8.

Sexism in Football Assessment

Sexism In Football Since time began, feminists worldwide have demanded equal rights and yes, they’ve probably said just about everything there is to say about sexism. We all dream of the day when women and men are treated with the same amount of respect, attention and understanding. But will this day ever come? Sexism should be non-existent and football is no exception. Sexism can begin in the simplest of places; a primary school for example. Picture this, a group of boys are playing a football match in the school playground, one of the girls in the class decides to join the game.The boys are aware of her presence, but decide to ignore this fact and continue the match around her. She approaches the boys at the end of the match and asks: â€Å"Why didn’t you pass the ball to me? † In reply, one of the young Ronaldo-wannabes says: â€Å"Because you’re a girl. Girls can’t play football. † What they don’t know is that, in many years to com e, she will become England’s best female footballer, representing both Arsenal Ladies and the England National Team. Professional football clearly has a huge effect on society. Even as a fan of football, a woman can still be a target of sexism.The misconception that females watch the game solely for the ‘hot guys’, is present in the minds of most men. Although this isn’t necessarily true for all women, the generalization is that all women think like this and it is both offensive and inconsiderate. It is clear to all football fans that it is pointless to support a club because of a good-looking or specifically skilful player; you have to love and believe in the whole team. It’s obvious that a woman can love a team as much as any man can, she’s capable of cheering and spurring her team on with the same amount of passion that any man could.Football is a game that is meant to unite. Bring people together, no matter of their background or way of l ife. The beautiful game. So surely women should be respected and be as much of a part of the game as anyone else. Sexism at this level is fairly controllable. But it’s when it begins to affect people’s lives that it is unacceptable. Take for example, the ridiculous incident involving Sian Massey, the professional, fully qualified referee. The day when she assisted at the Liverpool vs Wolverhampton match.After making a correct offside call, she was wrongly criticised by commentators Andy Gray and Richard Keys; who mentioned that she didn’t know the offside rule, due to the fact that she’s a woman. Yet the male referee in the Germany vs England match last year didn’t know what constitutes a goal? I don’t think anyone based it on the fact that he was a man. Atrocious. But conflict also occurs off the pitch, with supporting roles, such as physiotherapists under attack. Sexism extends right to the top of the profession, as Sir Alex Ferguson prove d in 1994, when a female physiotherapist applied for a job at Manchester United.She received a ‘hurtful and insulting’ letter in reply that was completely and utterly out of touch with modern day thinking. He even had the audacity to say that his players didn’t like the thought of women being involved in football. Surely, if a woman has the same training and experience as a man, she should have equal opportunity? 17 years on we’d all like to think that this was a one-off incident and that women do have a role on and off the pitch, but for this to happen the whole ‘laddish’ football culture needs to change. Money is a constantly debated subject in the world of football; from player’s wages to transfer fees.But the difference in the wages of male and female footballers is ridiculous. To give you a rough idea of the extent, Lionel Messi, the best male player in the world, earns roughly ? 35million a year, whereas Marta Vieria da Silva, the best female player in the world, earns roughly ? 255,000 a year. Both these people play the same game, both represent their country and they were both recently voted as the best players in the world; the only difference is their sex. So why does Messi get paid 100 times more than Marta? There are many campaigns running all over the country to promote women’s football.Recently, 2011 X Factor finalists, Belle Amie, visited a local girl’s football match in Birmingham. They were happy to express their feelings about the matter with us: â€Å"We think it’s really important to support women in the football industry. As a predominantly male game it’s important to remind people that women can play the sport at a high level too. † This sort of promotion will help to develop everyone’s understanding that women have a key part to play in the beautiful game and that there is no reason why football should still be a male-dominated game.

Discursive

Discursive EssaySean Killoran The death penalty, used from 1707 and fully abolished in 1969, was said to have cut crimes by two thirds. It is a controversial topic ever since it was created. It has taken the lives of guilty and innocent parties. In a recent survey 70% or the public want the death penalty reinstated for heavy crimes. Personally I feel the death penalty should only be used if a murderer has been proved guilty with flawless evidence. Many people feel that the death penalty is a cruel and inhumane punishment for any convict.It brings forward the question that would we be any better than the person standing in front of the jury ? There is also a major danger that an innocent person could be sentenced to death. There would be know way of releasing the person if there was suitable evidence from because they would be dead. For example, In 2004, the state of Texas executed Cameron Todd Willingham for starting the fire that killed his children. The Texas Forensic Science Commi ssion found that the arson testimony that led to his conviction was based on flawed science.As of today, 138 wrongly convicted people on death row have been exonerated. One of the main reasons I feel people are against the death penalty is the cost. In Texas over 430 executions have been recorded since 1976, this has cost them $2. 3 million, which is almost three times of which it would cost to imprison a convict. This makes people think why would you pay almost three times the amount to kill a person just so the family can have ‘revenge’ and ‘justice’. There is more than one side to this argument however.The death penalty did reduce crimes by two thirds therefore making the area a safer place. This gives the impression that a ruthless and no holds barred attitude would be put towards the offender and possibly make other people who are thinking of committing think twice. Also there is no chance of re-offending as the type of people who are willing to do suc h a crime will effectively be wiped out. A judge could sentence a man to life in prison. That same man could be out of jail with 15 years. How has life in jail become known as ten to fifteen ears? If the judge says life with no parole, then the criminal could stay in jail a bit longer, but that would mean the country would have to take care of the prisoner for twenty to twenty five years. How can we trust the murderers and thieves of our country to a law that will either let them out in ten years or have us take care of them for twenty years, and then let them go? The criminals do not fear the punishment anymore, because they know they will not die. Punishment is meant to be feared by the convict and to keep him from doing it again.I am not saying we execute all of the criminals in the world, but it has to remain an option for the courts to use and to scare the criminals of the country. Many criminals don't fear the law. They know that they will get out in ten years if they murder s omeone. They are not afraid of jail or their punishment. How can we force them to stop killing or stealing if they are not afraid of the punishment we give them. Most rational men are afraid of death. They don't want to die. There are also men that don't fear death, but enjoy killing.They must be controlled, but if they are sentenced to life, they are soon free to kill again. Again, I am not saying we should kill all the men in jail and any other criminal in the world. That is not the answer either, but we must have the death penalty as an option so that they will be afraid to break the law, and to control those who don't fear death but love to break the law. The Death Penalty has proven to have good benefits upon the country in determining the consequences that criminals deserve. This is needed to ensure the safety of society.If this is the case, there is no need for us to consider the expenses involved in the death penalty. Certainly human lives are more important, for it may easi ly be yours. We should not abolish the death penalty, but hold our country accountable for properly using the death penalty upon those who deserve it. Sources YYwww. wikipedia. com[->0] YYwww. answers. yahoo. com[->1] YYwww. tnjn. com[->2] Word Count: 766 [->0] – http://www. wikipedia. com/ [->1] – http://www. answers. yahoo. com/ [->2] – http://www. tnjn. com/

Timeline of Caribbean Prehistory - Precolumbian

Timeline of Caribbean Prehistory - Precolumbian Earliest Migrations into the Caribbean: 4000-2000 BC The earliest evidence of people moving into the Caribbean islands dates to around 4000 BC. Archaeological evidence comes from sites in Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic and the Lesser Antilles. These are mainly stone tools similar to the ones from the Yucatan peninsula, suggesting these people migrated from Central America. Alternatively, some archaeologists also find similarities among this stone technology and the North American tradition, suggesting movement from Florida and the Bahamas. These first comers were hunter-gatherers who had to change their lifestyle moving from a mainland into a island environment. They collected shellfish and wild plants, and hunted animals. Many Caribbean species became extinct after this first arrival. Important sites of this period are the Levisa rockshelter, Funche Cave, Seboruco, Couri, Madrigales, Casimira, Mordn-Barrera, and Banwari Trace. Fisher/Collectors: Archaic period 2000-500 BC A new colonization wave occurred around 2000 BC. In this period people reached Puerto Rico and a major colonization of the Lesser Antilles occurred. These groups moved into the Lesser Antilles from South America, and they are the bearers of the so-called Ortoiroid culture, dating between 2000 and 500 BC. These were still hunter-gatherers who exploited both coastal and terrestrial resources. The encounter of these groups and the descendants of the original migrants produced and increase in cultural dvariability among the different islands. Important sites of this period are Banwari Trace, Ortoire, Jolly Beach, Krum Bay, Cayo Redondo, Guayabo Blanco. South American Horticulturalists: Saladoid Culture 500 – 1 B.C. Saladoid culture takes its name from the Saladero site, in Venezuela. People bearing this cultural tradition migrated from South America into the Caribbean around 500 BC. They had a different life style from the people already living in the Caribbean. They lived in one place year-round, instead of moving seasonally, and constructed large communal houses organized into villages. They consumed wild products but also cultivated crops like manioc, which was domesticated thousand of years before in South America. Most importantly, they produced a distinct type of pottery, finely decorated along with other craftworks, such as basketry and feather works. Their artistic production included carved human and animal bones and skulls, jewelry made out of shells, mother-of-pearl and imported turquoise. They moved quickly through the Antilles, reaching Puerto Rico and Haiti/Dominican Republic by 400 B.C. The Saladoid Florescence: 1 BC – AD 600 Large communities developed and many Saladoid sites were occupied for centuries, generation after generation. Their lifestyle and culture changed as they coped with changing climates and environments. The islands landscape changed too, due to the clearance of large areas for cultivation. Manioc was their main staple and the sea played a pivotal role, with canoes connecting the islands with South American mainland for communication and trade. Important Saladoid sites include: La Hueca, Hope Estate, Trants, Cedros, Palo Seco, Punta Candelero, Sorcà ©, Tecla, Golden Rock, Maisabel. The Rise of Social and Political Complexity: AD 600 – 1200 Between A.D. 600 and 1200, a series of social and political differentiations arose within Caribbean villages. This process would ultimately lead to the development of the Taà ­no chiefdoms encountered by the Europeans in the 26th century. Between A.D. 600 and 900, there was not yet a marked social differentiation within villages. But a large population growth along with new migrations in the Greater Antilles, especially Jamaica which was colonized for the first time, produced a series of important changes. In Haiti and the Dominican Republic, fully sedentary villages based on farming were widespread. These were characterized by features like ball courts, and large settlements arranged around open plazas. There was an intensification of agricultural production and artifacts such as three-pointers, typical of the later Taà ­no culture, appeared. Finally, the typical Saladoid pottery was replaced by a simpler style called Ostionoid. This culture represents a mix of Saladoid and earlier tradition already present in the islands. The Taà ­no Chiefdoms: AD 1200-1500 Taà ­no culture emerged out of the above described traditions. There was a refinement of political organization and leadership which ultimately became what we know as the historical Taà ­no chiefdoms encountered by the Europeans. Taà ­no tradition was characterized by larger and more numerous settlements, with houses organized around open plazas, which were the focus of social life. Ball games and ball courts were an important religious and social element. They grew cotton for clothing and were crafted woodworkers. An elaborate artistic tradition was essential part of their daily life. Important Tainos sites include: Maisabel, Tibes, Caguana, El Atadijizo, Chacuey, Pueblo Viejo, Laguna Limones. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to Caribbean History, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Wilson, Samuel, 2007, The Archaeology of the Caribbean, Cambridge World Archaeology Series. Cambridge University Press, New York Wilson, Samuel, 1997, The Caribbean before European Conquest: A Chronology, in Taà ­no: Pre-Columbian Art and Culture from the Caribbean. El Museo del Barrio:  Monacelli Press, New York, edited by Fatima Bercht, Estrella Brodsky, John Alan Farmer and  Dicey Taylor. Pp. 15-17

Understanding Social Exchange Theory

Understanding Social Exchange Theory Social exchange theory is a model for interpreting society as a series of interactions between people that are based on estimates of rewards and punishments. According to this view, our interactions are determined by the rewards or punishments that we expect to receive from others, which we evaluate using a  cost-benefit analysis  model (whether consciously or subconsciously). Overview Central to the social exchange theory is the idea that an interaction that elicits approval from another person is more likely to be repeated than an interaction that elicits disapproval. We can thus predict whether a particular interaction will be repeated by calculating the degree of reward (approval) or punishment (disapproval) resulting from the interaction. If the reward for an interaction exceeds the punishment, then the interaction is likely to occur or continue. According to this theory, the formula for predicting the behavior of any individual in any situation is: Behavior (profits) Rewards of interaction – costs of interaction. Rewards can come in many forms: social recognition, money, gifts, and even subtle everyday gestures like a smile, nod, or pat on the back. Punishments also come in many forms, from extremes like public humiliation, beating, or execution, to subtle gestures like a raised eyebrow or a frown. While social exchange theory is found in economics and psychology, it was first developed by the sociologist George Homans, who wrote about it in an essay titled Social Behavior as Exchange. Later, sociologists Peter Blau and Richard Emerson further developed the theory. Example A simple example of social exchange theory can be seen in the interaction of asking someone out on a date. If the person says yes, you have gained a reward and are likely to repeat the interaction by asking that person out again, or by asking someone else out. On the other hand, if you ask someone out on a date and they reply, â€Å"No way!† then you have received a punishment that will probably cause you to shy away from repeating this type of interaction with the same person in the future. Basic Assumptions of Social Exchange Theory People who are involved in the interaction are rationally seeking to maximize their profits.Most gratification among humans comes from others.People have access to information about social, economic, and psychological aspects of their interactions that allow them to consider the alternative, more profitable situations relative to their present situation.People are goal oriented in a freely competitive system.The exchange operates within cultural norms.Social credit is preferred over social indebtedness.The more deprived the individual feels in terms of an act, the more the person will assign a value to it.People are rational and calculate the best possible means to compete in rewarding situations. The same is true of punishment avoidance situations. Critiques Many critique this theory for presuming that people always make rational decisions, and point out that this theoretical model fails to capture the power that emotions play in our daily lives and in our interactions with others. This theory also undercuts the power of social structures and forces, which unconsciously shape our perception of the world and our experiences within it, and play a strong role in shaping our interactions with others.

Too Many Derivatives from Which to Choose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Too Many Derivatives from Which to Choose - Essay Example The latter two methods are called as derivative markets. In this case the management does not take into account hedging using forward currency contracts as the banks have increased the charges for these services manifold. Hedging using forward contracts simply transfers the risk from the firm to the bank and hence the bank charges a large amount for these services. Now the management has to decide between currency future and options. The future currency contract is a legal contract between a buyer and a seller in which they agree to buy or sell the currency at a future date, at an exchange rate that is fixed or agreed upon today. Though the future contract looks very similar to forward contract, the futures contract brings in more liquidity it is traded in the futures market. It is similar to share market. The most important benefit of futures contract is that firm can release itself from the futures obligation by buying the contract even before the contract expires. Other benefits include liquidity, leverage and convergence of the futures price and spot price on the day of expiration of the futures contract. A currency option is a contract between a buyer and a seller where the buyer of the option enjoys the right but not the obligation to buy or sell the currency at a specified exchange rate before a specified date. There are two types of options. They are call option and put options. Call option gives the buyer the right to buy and the put option gives the buyer the right to sell the currency. Options minimize the risks to a great extent. This hedging option is not of significant importance to our book firm as the option is mainly beneficial for firms bidding for overseas projects. Options are highly flexible and offer a wide range of strategies. But they are more expensive when compared to forwards or futures contract. Hence the most suited derivative for the book firm is futures contract. The best

Sexual violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sexual violence - Essay Example The majority of the victims tends to blame themselves, and thus fails to give information about the heinous acts of sexual violence, which the offenders perpetrate on them. The reasons that compel victims not to report cases of rape encompass fear, feeling of helplessness, and perceived powerlessness of the security agents such as the police. Similarly, the victims fail report the sexual assaults because of the threat of further victimization from the authorities. The speech indicated that personal fear and lack of trust in the security agents contributes to the unreported cases of sexual assault. These are the lessons that everyone should draw, and then explore ways of dealing with the fear because sexual assault has emotional, physical, and psychological ramifications. It seems that people do not have hope in the police, and thus they chose to remain silent on cases centering on sexual violence. In fact, the event drew a significant lesson that people should take the responsibility of reporting any case of sexual violence. The victims should view that sexual assault is heinous and a disrespect for an individual’s dignity. No one should go silent on issues that violate one’s right to live a respected life devoid of interference of any sort. In fact, the higher education should organize such events regularly in order to equip the students with the right skills that are integral in their lives. Many students are subject to the se xual violence, and events discussing issues central to student life ought to feature prominently in the institutions’ calendars. The student involvement in the campus community plays a critical in ensuring that the learners live a success life in college. The activities foster a sense of togetherness and promote the growth of a community of scholars who exhibit a prime target of acquiring knowledge to apply it in the future

Finance Manager in Home and Personal Care Products Essay - 37

Finance Manager in Home and Personal Care Products - Essay Example The researcher states that while investigating the financial activities and the operations of the newly acquired company, she found out that the company had issues with appropriate accounting practices that were geared towards inflating sales and earnings of workers. Most conspicuously, the company was involved in the very expensive commercial aimed at marketing and creating awareness of the company. The expenses were exorbitantly high amounting to millions of dollar. Secondly, the company had a number of assets without a clear list of their nature. However, on the deeper examination of these assets, she found out that, the controversial and expensive commercials were among the assets. To deal with the issues, Lisa as a finance manager had to follow the right procedure in solving an ethical issue as presented by IMA. To do so, she went on to Anderson, who was her immediate supervisor in the newly acquired company. Before doing the visit, she prepared herself adequately well with the plan of valuations of the parent company. The plan was supposed to inform Anderson on the requirement of the mergers and acquired the company by the mother company’s policy on a valuation of her assets and financial control at large. However, to her surprise, Anderson did not pay much attention to the plan that was fundamental in harmonizing the organization with the operation of the parent company. The issue at hand juts needed the intervention of the chief financial officer of the newly acquired company Anderson, to be resolved by providing clear information on the assets that the company held. This is because they are the major stakeholders of the stalemate that has been identified by Lisa. He rubbished the need of Lisa to gain more understanding of the other accrued liabilities. Anderson turns her down and insists that it is none of her business. Anderson is quick to assert that Lisa does not understand and comprehend the business, and the journal entries are standard pra ctice. He claims that if Lisa understood the nature of uncertainty of the prestige fragrance business, she would be able to go in line with what the company wants.

Fluids In Rigid Body Motion Engineering Essay

Fluids In Rigid Body Motion Engineering Essay 11-38C A moving body of fluid can be treated as a rigid body when there are no shear stresses (i.e., no motion between fluid layers relative to each other) in the fluid body. 11-39C A glass of water is considered. The water pressure at the bottom surface will be the same since the acceleration for all four cases is zero. 11-40C The pressure at the bottom surface is constant when the glass is stationary. For a glass moving on a horizontal plane with constant acceleration, water will collect at the back but the water depth will remain constant at the center. Therefore, the pressure at the midpoint will be the same for both glasses. But the bottom pressure will be low at the front relative to the stationary glass, and high at the back (again relative to the stationary glass). Note that the pressure in all cases is the hydrostatic pressure, which is directly proportional to the fluid height. 11-41C When a vertical cylindrical container partially filled with water is rotated about its axis and rigid body motion is established, the fluid level will drop at the center and rise towards the edges. Noting that hydrostatic pressure is proportional to fluid depth, the pressure at the mid point will drop and the pressure at the edges of the bottom surface will rise due to rotation. 11-42 A water tank is being towed by a truck on a level road, and the angle the free surface makes with the horizontal is measured. The acceleration of the truck is to be determined. ax  Ã‚ ± = 15 ° Water tank Assumptions 1 The road is horizontal so that acceleration has no vertical component (az = 0). 2 Effects of splashing, breaking, driving over bumps, and climbing hills are assumed to be secondary, and are not considered. 3 The acceleration remains constant. Analysis We take the x-axis to be the direction of motion, the z-axis to be the upward vertical direction. The tangent of the angle the free surface makes with the horizontal is Solving for ax and substituting, Discussion Note that the analysis is valid for any fluid with constant density since we used no information that pertains to fluid properties in the solution. 11-43 Two water tanks filled with water, one stationary and the other moving upwards at constant acceleration. The tank with the higher pressure at the bottom is to be determined. Tank A 8 m Water az = 5 m/s2 Tank B 2 m Water g z 0  · 2  · 1  · 2  · 1 Assumptions 1 The acceleration remains constant. 2 Water is an incompressible substance. Properties We take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3. Analysis The pressure difference between two points 1 and 2 in an incompressible fluid is given by or since ax = 0. Taking point 2 at the free surface and point 1 at the tank bottom, we have and and thus Tank A: We have az = 0, and thus the pressure at the bottom is Tank B: We have az = +5 m/s2, and thus the pressure at the bottom is Therefore, tank A has a higher pressure at the bottom. Discussion We can also solve this problem quickly by examining the relation . Acceleration for tank B is about 1.5 times that of Tank A (14.81 vs 9.81 m/s2), but the fluid depth for tank A is 4 times that of tank B (8 m vs 2 m). Therefore, the tank with the larger acceleration-fluid height product (tank A in this case) will have a higher pressure at the bottom. 11-44 A water tank is being towed on an uphill road at constant acceleration. The angle the free surface of water makes with the horizontal is to be determined, and the solution is to be repeated for the downhill motion case. z x az ax  Ã‚ ¡ = 20 ° - Ã‚ ± Downhill motion Uphill motion z x ax Free surface az Water tank  Ã‚ ¡ = 20 °  Ã‚ ± Horizontal Assumptions 1 Effects of splashing, breaking, driving over bumps, and climbing hills are assumed to be secondary, and are not considered. 2 The acceleration remains constant. Analysis We take the x- and z-axes as shown in the figure. From geometrical considerations, the horizontal and vertical components of acceleration are The tangent of the angle the free surface makes with the horizontal is  ®  Ã‚ ± = 22.2 ° When the direction of motion is reversed, both ax and az are in negative x- and z-direction, respectively, and thus become negative quantities, Then the tangent of the angle the free surface makes with the horizontal becomes  ®  Ã‚ ± = 30.1 ° Discussion Note that the analysis is valid for any fluid with constant density, not just water, since we used no information that pertains to water in the solution. 11-45E A vertical cylindrical tank open to the atmosphere is rotated about the centerline. The angular velocity at which the bottom of the tank will first be exposed, and the maximum water height at this moment are to be determined.  Ã‚ · 2 ft z r 0 Assumptions 1 The increase in the rotational speed is very slow so that the liquid in the container always acts as a rigid body. 2 Water is an incompressible fluid. Analysis Taking the center of the bottom surface of the rotating vertical cylinder as the origin (r = 0, z = 0), the equation for the free surface of the liquid is given as where h0 = 1 ft is the original height of the liquid before rotation. Just before dry spot appear at the center of bottom surface, the height of the liquid at the center equals zero, and thus zs(0) = 0. Solving the equation above for  Ã‚ · and substituting, Noting that one complete revolution corresponds to 2 Ã‚ ° radians, the rotational speed of the container can also be expressed in terms of revolutions per minute (rpm) as Therefore, the rotational speed of this container should be limited to 108 rpm to avoid any dry spots at the bottom surface of the tank. The maximum vertical height of the liquid occurs a the edges of the tank (r = R = 1 ft), and it is Discussion Note that the analysis is valid for any liquid since the result is independent of density or any other fluid property. 11-46 A cylindrical tank is being transported on a level road at constant acceleration. The allowable water height to avoid spill of water during acceleration is to be determined D=40 cm ax = 4 m/s2  Ã‚ ± htank =60 cm  Ã¢â‚¬Å¾z Water tank Assumptions 1 The road is horizontal during acceleration so that acceleration has no vertical component (az = 0). 2 Effects of splashing, breaking, driving over bumps, and climbing hills are assumed to be secondary, and are not considered. 3 The acceleration remains constant. Analysis We take the x-axis to be the direction of motion, the z-axis to be the upward vertical direction, and the origin to be the midpoint of the tank bottom. The tangent of the angle the free surface makes with the horizontal is (and thus  Ã‚ ± = 22.2 °) The maximum vertical rise of the free surface occurs at the back of the tank, and the vertical midplane experiences no rise or drop during acceleration. Then the maximum vertical rise at the back of the tank relative to the midplane is Therefore, the maximum initial water height in the tank to avoid spilling is Discussion Note that the analysis is valid for any fluid with constant density, not just water, since we used no information that pertains to water in the solution. 11-47 A vertical cylindrical container partially filled with a liquid is rotated at constant speed. The drop in the liquid level at the center of the cylinder is to be determined. z r  Ã‚ · zs R = 20 cm Free surface ho = 60 cm g Assumptions 1 The increase in the rotational speed is very slow so that the liquid in the container always acts as a rigid body. 2 The bottom surface of the container remains covered with liquid during rotation (no dry spots). Analysis Taking the center of the bottom surface of the rotating vertical cylinder as the origin (r = 0, z = 0), the equation for the free surface of the liquid is given as where h0 = 0.6 m is the original height of the liquid before rotation, and Then the vertical height of the liquid at the center of the container where r = 0 becomes Therefore, the drop in the liquid level at the center of the cylinder is Discussion Note that the analysis is valid for any liquid since the result is independent of density or any other fluid property. Also, our assumption of no dry spots is validated since z0(0) is positive. 11-48 The motion of a fish tank in the cabin of an elevator is considered. The pressure at the bottom of the tank when the elevator is stationary, moving up with a specified acceleration, and moving down with a specified acceleration is to be determined. Fish Tank  · 2 az = 3 m/s2 h = 40 cm g z Water  · 1 0 Assumptions 1 The acceleration remains constant. 2 Water is an incompressible substance. Properties We take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3. Analysis The pressure difference between two points 1 and 2 in an incompressible fluid is given by or since ax = 0. Taking point 2 at the free surface and point 1 at the tank bottom, we have and and thus (a) Tank stationary: We have az = 0, and thus the gage pressure at the tank bottom is (b) Tank moving up: We have az = +3 m/s2, and thus the gage pressure at the tank bottom is (c) Tank moving down: We have az = -3 m/s2, and thus the gage pressure at the tank bottom is Discussion Note that the pressure at the tank bottom while moving up in an elevator is almost twice that while moving down, and thus the tank is under much greater stress during upward acceleration. 11-49 vertical cylindrical milk tank is rotated at constant speed, and the pressure at the center of the bottom surface is measured. The pressure at the edge of the bottom surface is to be determined. z r  Ã‚ · zs R = 1.50 m Free surface g 0 ho Assumptions 1 The increase in the rotational speed is very slow so that the liquid in the container always acts as a rigid body. 2 Milk is an incompressible substance. Properties The density of the milk is given to be 1030 kg/m3. Analysis Taking the center of the bottom surface of the rotating vertical cylinder as the origin (r = 0, z = 0), the equation for the free surface of the liquid is given as where R = 1.5 m is the radius, and The fluid rise at the edge relative to the center of the tank is The pressure difference corresponding to this fluid height difference is Then the pressure at the edge of the bottom surface becomes Discussion Note that the pressure is 14% higher at the edge relative to the center of the tank, and there is a fluid level difference of nearly 2 m between the edge and center of the tank, and these large differences should be considered when designing rotating fluid tanks. 11-50 Milk is transported in a completely filled horizontal cylindrical tank accelerating at a specified rate. The maximum pressure difference in the tanker is to be determined. Æ’-EES ax = 3 m/s2  · 1 z x 0 g  · 2 Assumptions 1 The acceleration remains constant. 2 Milk is an incompressible substance. Properties The density of the milk is given to be 1020 kg/m3. Analysis We take the x- and z- axes as shown. The horizontal acceleration is in the negative x direction, and thus ax is negative. Also, there is no acceleration in the vertical direction, and thus az = 0. The pressure difference between two points 1 and 2 in an incompressible fluid in linear rigid body motion is given by  ® The first term is due to acceleration in the horizontal direction and the resulting compression effect towards the back of the tanker, while the second term is simply the hydrostatic pressure that increases with depth. Therefore, we reason that the lowest pressure in the tank will occur at point 1 (upper front corner), and the higher pressure at point 2 (the lower rear corner). Therefore, the maximum pressure difference in the tank is since x1 = 0, x2 = 7 m, z1 = 3 m, and z2 = 0. Discussion Note that the variation of pressure along a horizontal line is due to acceleration in the horizontal direction while the variation of pressure in the vertical direction is due to the effects of gravity and acceleration in the vertical direction (which is zero in this case). 11-51 Milk is transported in a completely filled horizontal cylindrical tank decelerating at a specified rate. The maximum pressure difference in the tanker is to be determined. Æ’-EES z x  · 2  · 1 g ax = 3 m/s2 Assumptions 1 The acceleration remains constant. 2 Milk is an incompressible substance. Properties The density of the milk is given to be 1020 kg/m3. Analysis We take the x- and z- axes as shown. The horizontal deceleration is in the x direction, and thus ax is positive. Also, there is no acceleration in the vertical direction, and thus az = 0. The pressure difference between two points 1 and 2 in an incompressible fluid in linear rigid body motion is given by  ® The first term is due to deceleration in the horizontal direction and the resulting compression effect towards the front of the tanker, while the second term is simply the hydrostatic pressure that increases with depth. Therefore, we reason that the lowest pressure in the tank will occur at point 1 (upper front corner), and the higher pressure at point 2 (the lower rear corner). Therefore, the maximum pressure difference in the tank is since x1 = 7 m, x2 = 0, z1 = 3 m, and z2 = 0. Discussion Note that the variation of pressure along a horizontal line is due to acceleration in the horizontal direction while the variation of pressure in the vertical direction is due to the effects of gravity and acceleration in the vertical direction (which is zero in this case). 11-52 A vertical U-tube partially filled with alcohol is rotated at a specified rate about one of its arms. The elevation difference between the fluid levels in the two arms is to be determined. z r 0 h0 = 20 cm R = 25 cm Assumptions 1 Alcohol is an incompressible fluid. Analysis Taking the base of the left arm of the U-tube as the origin (r = 0, z = 0), the equation for the free surface of the liquid is given as where h0 = 0.20 m is the original height of the liquid before rotation, and  Ã‚ · = 4.2 rad/s. The fluid rise at the right arm relative to the fluid level in the left arm (the center of rotation) is Discussion Note that the analysis is valid for any liquid since the result is independent of density or any other fluid property. 11-53 A vertical cylindrical tank is completely filled with gasoline, and the tank is rotated about its vertical axis at a specified rate. The pressures difference between the centers of the bottom and top surfaces, and the pressures difference between the center and the edge of the bottom surface are to be determined. Æ’-EES h = 3 m D = 1.20 m z r 0 Assumptions 1 The increase in the rotational speed is very slow so that the liquid in the container always acts as a rigid body. 2 Gasoline is an incompressible substance. Properties The density of the gasoline is given to be 740 kg/m3. Analysis The pressure difference between two points 1 and 2 in an incompressible fluid rotating in rigid body motion is given by where R = 0.60 m is the radius, and (a) Taking points 1 and 2 to be the centers of the bottom and top surfaces, respectively, we have and . Then, (b) Taking points 1 and 2 to be the center and edge of the bottom surface, respectively, we have , , and . Then, Discussion Note that the rotation of the tank does not affect the pressure difference along the axis of the tank. But the pressure difference between the edge and the center of the bottom surface (or any other horizontal plane) is due entirely to the rotation of the tank. 11-54 Problem 11-53 is reconsidered. The effect of rotational speed on the pressure difference between the center and the edge of the bottom surface of the cylinder as the rotational speed varies from 0 to 500 rpm in increments of 50 rpm is to be investigated. g=9.81 m/s2 rho=740 kg/m3 R=0.6 m h=3 m omega=2*pi*n_dot/60 rad/s DeltaP_axis=rho*g*h/1000 kPa DeltaP_bottom=rho*omega^2*R^2/2000 kPa Rotation rate , rpm Angular speed  Ã‚ ·, rad/s  Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Pcenter-edge kPa 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0.0 5.2 10.5 15.7 20.9 26.2 31.4 36.7 41.9 47.1 52.4 0.0 3.7 14.6 32.9 58.4 91.3 131.5 178.9 233.7 295.8 365.2 11-55E A water tank partially filled with water is being towed by a truck on a level road. The maximum acceleration (or deceleration) of the truck to avoid spilling is to be determined. ax  Ã¢â‚¬Å¾h = 2 ft  Ã‚ ± Water tank hw = 6 ft z x 0 L=20 ft Assumptions 1 The road is horizontal so that acceleration has no vertical component (az = 0). 2 Effects of splashing, breaking, driving over bumps, and climbing hills are assumed to be secondary, and are not considered. 3 The acceleration remains constant. Analysis We take the x-axis to be the direction of motion, the z-axis to be the upward vertical direction. The shape of the free surface just before spilling is shown in figure. The tangent of the angle the free surface makes with the horizontal is given by  ® where az = 0 and, from geometric considerations, tan Ã‚ ± is Substituting, The solution can be repeated for deceleration by replacing ax by ax. We obtain ax = -6.44 m/s2. Discussion Note that the analysis is valid for any fluid with constant density since we used no information that pertains to fluid properties in the solution. 11-56E A water tank partially filled with water is being towed by a truck on a level road. The maximum acceleration (or deceleration) of the truck to avoid spilling is to be determined. ax  Ã¢â‚¬Å¾h = 0.5 ft  Ã‚ ± Water tank hw = 3 ft z x 0 L= 8 ft Assumptions 1 The road is horizontal so that deceleration has no vertical component (az = 0). 2 Effects of splashing and driving over bumps are assumed to be secondary, and are not considered. 3 The deceleration remains constant. Analysis We take the x-axis to be the direction of motion, the z-axis to be the upward vertical direction. The shape of the free surface just before spilling is shown in figure. The tangent of the angle the free surface makes with the horizontal is given by  ® where az = 0 and, from geometric considerations, tan Ã‚ ± is Substituting, Discussion Note that the analysis is valid for any fluid with constant density since we used no information that pertains to fluid properties in the solution. 11-57 Water is transported in a completely filled horizontal cylindrical tanker accelerating at a specified rate. The pressure difference between the front and back ends of the tank along a horizontal line when the truck accelerates and decelerates at specified rates. Æ’-EES ax = 3 m/s2 z x 0 1  · 2 g  · Assumptions 1 The acceleration remains constant. 2 Water is an incompressible substance. Properties We take the density of the water to be 1000 kg/m3. Analysis (a) We take the x- and z- axes as shown. The horizontal acceleration is in the negative x direction, and thus ax is negative. Also, there is no acceleration in the vertical direction, and thus az = 0. The pressure difference between two points 1 and 2 in an incompressible fluid in linear rigid body motion is given by  ® since z2 z1 = 0 along a horizontal line. Therefore, the pressure difference between the front and back of the tank is due to acceleration in the horizontal direction and the resulting compression effect towards the back of the tank. Then the pressure difference along a horizontal line becomes since x1 = 0 and x2 = 7 m. (b) The pressure difference during deceleration is determined the way, but ax = 4 m/s2 in this case, Discussion Note that the pressure is higher at the back end of the tank during acceleration, but at the front end during deceleration (during breaking, for example) as expected. Review Problems 11-58 The density of a wood log is to be measured by tying lead weights to it until both the log and the weights are completely submerged, and then weighing them separately in air. The average density of a given log is to be determined by this approach. Properties The density of lead weights is given to be 11,300 kg/m3. We take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3. Analysis The weight of a body is equal to the buoyant force when the body is floating in a fluid while being completely submerged in it (a consequence of vertical force balance from static equilibrium). In this case the average density of the body must be equal to the density of the fluid since Lead, 34 kg Log, 1540 N FB Water Therefore, where Substituting, the volume and density of the log are determined to be Discussion Note that the log must be completely submerged for this analysis to be valid. Ideally, the lead weights must also be completely submerged, but this is not very critical because of the small volume of the lead weights. 11-59 A rectangular gate that leans against the floor with an angle of 45 ° with the horizontal is to be opened from its lower edge by applying a normal force at its center. The minimum force F required to open the water gate is to be determined. Assumptions 1 The atmospheric pressure acts on both sides of the gate, and thus it can be ignored in calculations for convenience. 2 Friction at the hinge is negligible. Properties We take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3 throughout. Analysis The length of the gate and the distance of the upper edge of the gate (point B) from the free surface in the plane of the gate are FR F 45 ° B 0.5 m 3 m A The average pressure on a surface is the pressure at the centroid (midpoint) of the surface, and multiplying it by the plate area gives the resultant hydrostatic on the surface, The distance of the pressure center from the free surface of water along the plane of the gate is The distance of the pressure center from the hinge at point B is Taking the moment about point B and setting it equal to zero gives Solving for F and substituting, the required force is determined to be Discussion The applied force is inversely proportional to the distance of the point of application from the hinge, and the required force can be reduced by applying the force at a lower point on the gate. 11-60 A rectangular gate that leans against the floor with an angle of 45 ° with the horizontal is to be opened from its lower edge by applying a normal force at its center. The minimum force F required to open the water gate is to be determined. Assumptions 1 The atmospheric pressure acts on both sides of the gate, and thus it can be ignored in calculations for convenience. 2 Friction at the hinge is negligible. Properties We take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3 throughout. FR F 45 ° B 1.2 m 3 m AAnalysis The length of the gate and the distance of the upper edge of the gate (point B) from the free surface in the plane of the gate are The average pressure on a surface is the pressure at the centroid (midpoint) of the surface, and multiplying it by the plate area gives the resultant hydrostatic on the surface, The distance of the pressure center from the free surface of water along the plane of the gate is The distance of the pressure center from the hinge at point B is Taking the moment about point B and setting it equal to zero gives Solving for F and substituting, the required force is determined to be Discussion The applied force is inversely proportional to the distance of the point of application from the hinge, and the required force can be reduced by applying the force at a lower point on the gate. 11-61 A rectangular gate hinged about a horizontal axis along its upper edge is restrained by a fixed ridge at point B. The force exerted to the plate by the ridge is to be determined. Assumptions The atmospheric pressure acts on both sides of the gate, and thus it can be ignored in calculations for convenience. FR 3 m A 2 m ypProperties We take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3 throughout. Analysis The average pressure on a surface is the pressure at the centroid (midpoint) of the surface, and multiplying it by the plate area gives the resultant hydrostatic force on the gate, The vertical distance of the pressure center from the free surface of water is 11-62 A rectangular gate hinged about a horizontal axis along its upper edge is restrained by a fixed ridge at point B. The force exerted to the plate by the ridge is to be determined. Assumptions The atmospheric pressure acts on both sides of the gate, and thus it can be ignored in calculations for convenience. FR 3 m yP h = 2 m A Properties We take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3 throughout. Analysis The average pressure on a surface is the pressure at the centroid (midpoint) of the surface, and multiplying it by the wetted plate area gives the resultant hydrostatic force on the gate, The vertical distance of the pressure center from the free surface of water is 11-63E A semicircular tunnel is to be built under a lake. The total hydrostatic force acting on the roof of the tunnel is to be determined. Assumptions The atmospheric pressure acts on both sides of the tunnel, and thus it can be ignored in calculations for convenience. Properties We take the density of water to be 62.4 lbm/ft3 throughout. Analysis We consider the free body diagram of the liquid block enclosed by the circular surface of the tunnel and its vertical (on both sides) and horizontal projections. The hydrostatic forces acting on the vertical and horizontal plane surfaces as well as the weight of the liquid block are determined as follows: Horizontal force on vertical surface (each side): Fy W Fx Fx Vertical force on horizontal surface (downward): R = 15 ft Weight of fluid block on each side within the control volume (downward): Therefore, the net downward vertical force is This is also the net force acting on the tunnel since the horizontal forces acting on the right and left side of the tunnel cancel each other since they are equal ad opposite. 11-64 A hemispherical dome on a level surface filled with water is to be lifted by attaching a long tube to the top and filling it with water. The required height of water in the tube to lift the dome is to be determined. Assumptions 1 The atmospheric pressure acts on both sides of the dome, and thus it can be ignored in calculations for convenience. 2 The weight of the tube and the water in it is negligible. Properties We take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3 throughout. Analysis We take the dome and the water in it as the system.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ When the dome is about to rise, the reaction force between the dome and the ground becomes zero. Then the free body diagram of this system involves the weights of the dome and the water, balanced by the hydrostatic pressure force from below. Setting these forces equal to each other gives FV R = 3 m h W Solving for h gives Substituting, Therefore, this dome can be lifted by attaching a tube which is 2.02 m long. Discussion This problem can also be solved without finding FR by finding the lines of action of the horizontal hydrostatic force and the weight. 11-65 The water in a reservoir is restrained by a triangular wall. The total force (hydrostatic + atmospheric) acting on the inner surface of the wall and the horizontal component of this force are to be determined. FR h = 25 m ypAssumptions 1 The atmospheric pressure acts on both sides of the gate, and thus it can be ignored in calculations for convenience. 2 Friction at the hinge is negligible. Properties We take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m3 throughout. Analysis The length of the wall surface underwater is The average pressure on a surface is the pressure at the centroid (midpoint) of the surface, and multiplying it by the plate area gives the resultant hydrostatic force on the surface, Noting that the distance of the pressure center from the free surface of water along the wall surface is The magnitude of the horizontal component of the hydrostatic force is simply FRsin  Ã‚ ±, Discussion The atmospheric pressure is usually ignored in the analysis for convenience since it acts on both sides of the walls. 11-66 A U-tube that contains water in right arm and another liquid in the left is rotated about an axis closer to the left arm. For a known rotation rate at which the liquid levels in both arms are the same, the density of the fluid in the left arm is to be determined. 1*  ·  · 1 Fluid Water